电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)各种(zhong)机(ji)(ji)械的动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力源，可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)交流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)直(zhi)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)两大(da)类。其中交流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)同步(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)异(yi)步(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)，异(yi)步(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)又(you)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)鼠笼型和(he)(he)(he)绕线型两种(zhong).异(yi)步(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)结构简单，制造、使(shi)用(yong)和(he)(he)(he)维护方便，运转可(ke)(ke)靠，重量(liang)较轻，成(cheng)本较低，在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力拖(tuo)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)械中，有(you)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)之90左右(you)是(shi)(shi)由异(yi)步(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)驱动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的。井下矿用(yong)水(shui)泵(beng)常见的是(shi)(shi)三相鼠笼型异(yi)步(bu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)。

三相鼠笼型异步电动机的结构

(1)、定子

定子是电(dian)动(dong)机的(de)固定不动(dong)部分(fen)，由机座、定子铁心(xin)和定子绕组(zu)几部分(fen)构成。

1)、机(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)。机(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)电动机(ji)的支架，由铸铁(tie)制成。封闭式(shi)电动机(ji)的机(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)表面上(shang)装有散(san)热片(pian)，以(yi)(yi)增加散(san)热面积。机(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)还装有接(jie)(jie)线盒，用(yong)以(yi)(yi)连(lian)接(jie)(jie)绕组引线和接(jie)(jie)人电源。

2)、定子(zi)铁(tie)(tie)心(xin)。定子(zi)铁(tie)(tie)心(xin)一(yi)般用(yong)0.35-0.5mm厚的圆环(huan)形(xing)硅钢(gang)片叠(die)压而成，其表面涂有绝缘(yuan)漆，以(yi)减少交变磁通引起的涡流损耗。定子(zi)硅钢(gang)片的内圆上冲压有均匀分布的槽口，用(yong)以(yi)安装定子(zi)绕组。

3)、定子绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)。定子上有(you)对称的三(san)相绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)，每个(ge)绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)由(you)若干(gan)线(xian)圈(quan)组(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，每个(ge)线(xian)圈(quan)又由(you)多(duo)匝构成(cheng)。绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)一般由(you)高(gao)强度聚醋漆包圆铜线(xian)绕(rao)(rao)制而成(cheng)。三(san)个(ge)绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)的6个(ge)出线(xian)头(tou)，固定在机座外壳的接(jie)线(xian)盒(he)内，各绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)的始末端符号(hao)标在线(xian)头(tou)或(huo)接(jie)线(xian)柱旁，U1、 V1、Wl为(wei)始端，U2、V2、 W2为(wei)相对应的末端。三(san)相绕(rao)(rao)组(zu)(zu)有(you)星(xing)形(Y)和三(san)角形(△)两种联(lian)结方式，以适(shi)应不同的电压。

(2)、转子

转子是电动机的(de)旋转部(bu)分(fen).包括转子铁心、转子绕组和转轴(zhou)三部(bu)分(fen)

1)、转子(zi)铁心。由硅钢片益成，并压装在转轴上，其外圈上冲(chong)有均匀分(fen)布(bu)的(de)摺口，用以浇铸绕组。

2)、转(zhuan)子(zi)绕组(zu)。由转(zhuan)子(zi)抽内的(de)钢条或(huo)钢条和转(zhuan)子(zi)铁心两(liang)端的(de)短路环(huan)组(zu)成(cheng)。

3)、转轴。用来传递(di)电(dian)动(dong)机的愉出(chu)转矩(ju)，并保证(zheng)(zheng)定子和转子间有均(jun)匀气晾，以保证(zheng)(zheng)电(dian)动(dong)机的励(li)班(ban)电(dian)流和功率因(yin)数。

(3)、其他附件

1)、端盖。是由(you)铸铁(tie)制成的，其核心孔内装(zhuang)有轴承(cheng)，以支(zhi)撑转(zhuan)子(zi)部分。

2)、轴承.是用(yong)来支承转(zhuan)子的(de)，其(qi)两边有轴承盖，以保持轴承有足够的(de)润(run)滑(hua)脂。

3)、风(feng)扇。由(you)风(feng)扇叶和风(feng)扇罩组成，是电动机的风(feng)冷装置。